(Front Cover) THE CHARITON COLLECTOR NORTHEAST MISSOURI HISTORY AND FOLKLORE Winter 1986 $2.95 (Page 1) THE CHARITON COLLECTOR Kirksville Senior High School Kirksville, Missouri Winter, 1986 Vol. 7 No. 1 Issue 13 CONTENTS Biggest Little Store in Northeast Missouri! . . . . . 2 Karla Baugher Cardy in Its Hay Days! . . . . . 4 Jean McCullough The Life of Don Faurot . . . . . 7 Rick Gooch and Jonathan Walker Uncle Ben's Place . . . . . 12 Renee Wilson Scenes from the Past . . . . . 14 County Trivia . . . . . 16 Denny Smoyer and Andrea Vorkink End of an Electrical Era . . . . . 19 John Hill and Ben Thomas A Pioneer in Education . . . . . 22 Gayla Hill and Dana Kollar Flying High! . . . . . 26 Tony Frost and Corey Pritchard EDITOR Renee Wilson ASSISTANT EDITORS Denny Smoyer Andrea Vorkink DISTRIBUTION MANAGERS Gayla Hill Denny Smoyer STAFF MEMBERS Brian Walker Brent Winn ADVISOR Mary Grossnickle The Chariton Collector is published by the Missouri State History class of Kirksville Senior High School. This special class attempts to preserve the history and local folklore of Northeast Missouri. Copyright 1986. COVER PICTURE Rails running into oblivion can be seen all over Northeast Missouri as a tribute to the development of this area by the railroads. This photograph was taken near Millard, Missouri, in October of this year. (Picture taken by Denny Smoyer) [photo caption] The young people of Cardy, Missouri, attended the first through eighth grades in this one-room schoolhouse. The building is located west of Cardy. Jean McCullough took the recent pictures of Cardy for her story on page 4. (Page 2) Biggest Little Store in Northeast Missouri! Outside it is snowing and men ate sitting around a pot-bellied stove talking about the weather, telling stories, and playing cards or checkers. Across the room, their wives are standing around a cookie counter, with sliding glass doors, admiring a new baby and discussing who they thought it resembled. This was a common scene at Morlan's Store in Greencastle, Missouri, during the 1930s. Greencastle, located at the intersection of Highway 6 and Route FF, is near two larger towns, Kirksville, 19 miles to the east, and Milan, 14 miles to the west. With a population of 281, Greencastle has the friendliness of a small town, and Morlan's Store exemplifies much of this friendliness. Phyllis and Ezra Morlan came to Greencastle from Pollock, Missouri, where he had worked in a general store. Ron Morlan remembers his father telling him about the first shipment of fresh bread being delivered to Pollock about 60 years ago. "The bread was in loaves and placed in an oily paper, not yet individually wrapped. When the women of Pollock saw what was being shipped, they were sure that it would not sell. They didn't think anyone would want bread that wasn't homemade. After moving to Greencastle in 1928, Ezra Morlan decided to open a store of his own. Due to the lack of space, groceries were the main item sold. In 1932 the store was moved across the street to another building, measuring 50 feet by 50 feet, giving more room for merchandise. The building was originally a lumber yard, complete with a runway down the center for a team of horses to load and unload the lumber. In order for the building to be transformed into a general store, floors, partitions, and a ceiling had to be installed. A seven-room apartment, where the Morlan family lived for several years, was also added to the back of the building. After moving to the new building, Mr. Morlan expanded the store's stock gradually over the years to include clothing, some hardware items, groceries, and even hand-dipped ice cream. Until the last 15 years, Morlan's Store was the only place in the area where a person could get this luxury. "This was a drawing card and maybe should have been continued as a lost leader," said Ron Morlan. But the price went up from the original nickel for two dips and was going to cost a quarter per dip so Morlan's Store quit selling hand-dipped ice cream. Ron Morlan recalls, "Most foods such as sugar, beans, coffee, candy, and cookies were sent in bulk or 100-pound bags." The product then had to be weighed into one-pound packages [photo caption] Phyllis and Ezra Morlan worked together in the store until her death in 1980. By Karla Baugher 2 (Page 3) [photo caption] Ezra Morlan purchased this lumber yard and converted the building into a general store in the early 1930s. A team of horses can be seen, in the center of this picture, bringing in a load of lumber. by Mr. or Mrs. Morlan or one of their employees, whenever there was a free moment. Morlan's Store has always been a gathering place for the townspeople of Greencastle. Ron Morlan remembers men sitting around the pot-bellied stove during the winter or on the front porch during the summer. The women would gather around the glass cookie counter and talk. As times changed, so did the store. Modern heating and cooling systems were installed. The store began with a coal stove, switched to a furnace, and recently changed to solar heat and air-conditioning. The interior of the store changed too. The pot-bellied stove and the cookie counter were taken out, but people continued to gather at the store to shop and visit. Morlan's Store provided courtesies unique to a general country store. When Mrs. Morlan was working, the store was open from 5:30 in the morning until midnight, seven days a week, including holidays. Ron Morlan told of the store's "first half-day," in observance of the ending of World War II. The whole nation closed all business and factories for half the day. Someone came to the door and knocked, but Phyllis and Ezra Morlan wouldn't let him in. This person got angry and since then Phyllis and Ezra Morlan never again closed the store early. Another unique courtesy provided by Morlan's Store was delivery of customer's goods to Greencastle residents, nearby farms, and also to Green City. Mrs. Morlan died from cancer in 1980; Mr. Morlan quit working in the store because of his own poor health. Their only son, Ron, now operates the store. Since he has taken over the store, much has remained the same; however, livestock feed is no longer sold and dry goods have been decreased. The townspeople still gather at Morlan's Store to visit and pass the time of day because the friendliness and hospitality have lasted throughout the years. [photo caption] Morlan's Store provided everything from soda pop, cigarettes, and dog food to sugar, laundry detergent, and corn. Ezra, Ron, and Phyllis Morlan are pictured in the store during the 1940s. 3 (Page 4) CARDY in its Hay Days! Seeing the sunlight filtering through the walls and dancing on the wooden floor of the town's only general store, one recalls the times when people bought their bread unwrapped or traded their eggs and cream for flour and other staples. The town's store served as the center of the community. People exchanged friendly greetings to each other even though they had just seen one another at church the day before. The town of Cardy, Missouri, today seems cold and dark, but in the 1800s it was very warm. If you took a Sunday drive south on Highway 156, turned west on Highway 3, and traveled approximately two miles, you would be in Cardy. Only four buildings remain today: the house that was originally planned as the hospital, the post office, the general store, and the feed store. These buildings are owned by Bob Buck. Olin Hall, once the owner of the general store from 1934-1950, said the founding fathers were George Hastings and Burt Foster and that Cardy was established as a railroad town. At one time Cardy was named Oliver and then changed to La Crosse, Missouri, but the name was changed again because it had conflicted with La Crosse, Wisconsin. The depot was a busy place with trains arriving and departing throughout the day. The doodle bug, a small train, stopped in the morning leaving the parcel post and picking up any packages or farm products. Mr. Hall also had to hang the mail for pickup again in the afternoon; this was done twice a day, once around 6 o'clock in the morning and then again around 3 or 4 o'clock. When the Santa Fe diesel came, they would throw the mail pouches off and at the same time they reached out with a caughter and grabbed the mail bag off the hangers. Once in a while the train would run over the mail pouch cut-ting up the letters, creating a jigsaw puzzle for the mail carrier to assemble. The doodle bug returned around 10 p.m. Mr. Hall entertained this challenging schedule from 1934 until 1950. In addition to this service, Cardy also had a post office. In the early 1900s one had to go to town to get his mail because there were only two rural routes out of the post office. In the 1940s the post office became a part of the general store. A stock yard and a new depot were built when the Santa Fe double tracked. In 1864 the Santa Fe first bought the land right-of-way for the railroad, which much employment derived from the Santa Fe road bed. The section gang, men that worked on the railroad, build bridges over archways for creek channels which still stand today, and many are over a hundred years old. One of the biggest industries of Cardy was the charcoal kilns which were in full production in the early 1900s. The kilns were large pits dug and lined with clay or brick, with a dome roof and a large steel door in front. These kilns took at one setting 100 cords of wood. Farmers with their horse and wagon would receive $3.50 a cord for wood delivered to the kiln. One loaded the kiln with hickory and oak, burned the fire until it reached a high temperature. The steel door would then be closed until the charcoal cooled. This was used in cooking on the Santa Fe dining cars. Charcoal was used instead of coal because coal was dirty and made the food taste funny. The charcoal was [photo caption] July 4 was a very big occasion, children would return home from the big city for a celebration. Here the McCulloughs, Lenes, and Larmos families posed at McCullough home. 4 (Page 5) [photo caption] The general store was a friendly place where friends and neighbors would exchange greetings and news. In the early 1900s neighbors and friends gather to pose for this picture. also loaded on the railroad cars to be sent all over the United States Another industry in Cardy was the grist mill run by George Mathes and John McCullough from 1925 to 1933. Farmers would bring their corn and wheat to be ground into meal and flour. They also had their grain ground for cattle and chicken feed. If one could not pay for the grinding, the millers took one-sixth of the grain for payment. Sam McCullough was the blacksmith in Cardy. He sharpened plows, fixed wagon wheels, made various kinds of tools, and shod horses. Mr. McCullough was kept in business by his family which used old ways of farming until 1925. There were not many people in this area that had the machines to do the farmers' work. The McCulloughs used horse-powered threshing machines and buzz saws. They traveled from Cardy to Worthington and often slept in barns. This was before the steam threshing machines in the early 1900s. They later changed to the steam engines. There were three sorghum mills in the community. Jess Gunnells had one, as did J.J. Long and Theodore Nolte. They would make sorghum every fall from cane. One of the stores in Cardy was the country store which was also called Cardy. It had a different atmosphere than today. The store smelled of spices that were in bulk and the freshly ground coffee. The apples, potatoes, and onions could be bought by 100 lb., bushel, or peck. You looked forward going to the store because you saw your neighbors and could exchange gossip and also the storekeeper was interested in you as a human being. He was concerned about your health, the weather, and your crops. "The children thought it was a hay day to go to the store with their parents to pay the bills because they might receive a bag of candy," Dona McCullough said. Olin Hall, Sam McCullough, and Paul St. Clair were some of the store's owners. At one time the general store had two stories with the upstairs used as a meeting house. It burned in the early 1900s when Bill McCullough owned it Willard Hall then rebuilt the store; J.J. Long restocked it, All the past owners allowed a small amount of credit to the men that worked on the section gang. The farmers used their eggs, milk, and cream as an exchange for goods; it was like having a dollar in their pockets. If you ever needed anything at any hour, you could find the owner and he would be glad to open the store for anyone. Cardy had a doctor named Doctor Foster. When Dr. Foster was in his forties, his house burned so he decided to build a larger home and use it as a clinic. In this house there was an operating room, library, office, and medicine room plus three rooms upstairs that were made into patient's rooms. Still today in these rooms are the beds and dressers for the patients. In Mrs. Foster's diary she wrote of having several patients 5 (Page 6) [photo caption] Three of the four buildings remaining in Cardy are, pictured from left to right, the post office, the feed store, and the general store. [photo caption] Today the home of Doctor Foster, which was orignally planned as the hospital in the early 1900s, it now owned by Bobby Buck. and charging small fees of one or two dollars. She also wrote of Dr. Foster's health, the health of the community, and of losing close friends and her loved ones. The last two entries in her diary, December 14 and 15, 1936, mentioned her house had caught on fire and she thought how wonderful it was to have such lovely neighbors and friends. They all came and saved her house by forming a bucket line and putting out the fire. Education was not known as it is today. In the Richland township, in Macon County, there was a school in each corner: Murry, Newburg, Union Ridge, and Shiford. Center was in the middle of the township. All the schools consisted of one room and a hall where the students hung their coats and stored wood during the winter. The teachers taught first through eighth grade in a small area. There were only 20 students in the school. The teachers conducted spelling bees, teacher-parent meetings, pie suppers, and baseball games between different schools. After the eighth grade one would go to the La Plata or Elmer schools. But until 1939, the students had to walk all the way to Highway 156 to catch the La Plata school bus. In 1939 the county graveled the road to the Cardy store, and the students then walked to the store to catch the bus. Another major event in school was the wood-cutting party. The parents of the students who went to the different schools in the fall cut enough wood to last the winter and then stacked it. It was up to the children and the teacher to carry the wood in and to maintain the fire. Most of the time the teachers would pick a student to carry in wood for a particular week. Life in Cardy was not all work and no play. For entertainment the owner of the general store would have a free movie every Friday night. The only thing bad was that the movie was silent and outdoors. The owner of the store used the general store's white walls to show the movie. If you did not want to see a movie, you could always go to a barn dance. Most of the barn dances were held at the Howard Morrison place. Sometimes they would have house dances. All the furniture in the living room would be moved into another room. Everyone brought the whole family and if you were not old enough to dance, then you were put on the bed with all the other children to sleep. Ada Mercer played the fiddle, Emma Long played the piano, and Ray Redman played the fiddle. The members in the band tried to have a dance every month and sometimes every week. During the summer holidays, like the Fourth of July, families would have a picnic, which was a very big occasion. Children would return home from the big city and everyone would bring a coveted dish for the all-day affairs. Maybe one can say the coolness of a community of today is better and that people have progressed so much more, but missing is the warmth of the less stressful life lived when Cardy was the hub of the community. By Jean McCullough 6 (Page 7) THE LIFE OF DON FAUROT "You put your pants on just like they do," No matter how good the other team was, they still had to play like everyone else, and put their pants on the same as everyone else. This was the philosophy of Don Faurot during his coaching years (1925-1934) at Northeast Missouri State Teachers College. Mr. Faurot coached his football team to the top of the Missouri Intercollegiate Athletic Association seven out of the nine years he was at NMSTC, Born in a small rural Missouri town, Mr. Faurot used his athletic ability, coupled with his parents' support, to make the adjustment from participating in high school athletics to becoming a football coach and an athletic director at NMSTC and later at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Donald Burrows Faurot was born on June 23, 1902, in Mountain Grove, Missouri. He was the son of Fredrick W, Faurot, director of the Fruit Experimental Station located in Mountain Grove, and Charlotte Burrows Faurot. Don was the eldest of four sons and the second child born of Fredrick and Charlotte's eight children. The family made several major moves while Faurot was a young lad. "I spent my youth in three different towns; first in Mountain Grove, then St. Joseph, Columbia, a and then back in Mountain Grove where I graduated from high school in 1920." Frederic Faurot played college football at the University of Nebraska and Iowa State. The elder Faurot, who was athletically inclined, did not force his children into athletics, but greatly encouraged them. "My father provided us with big boxes of footballs, basketballs, built a high jump and pole vault pit, put a basketball goal up on the tree, kicking field and goal to kick at, a baseball batting cage, and a tennis court." The family also had a 120-yard 2-lane cinder track on their estate, "We grew up in an athletic environment, even the girls." A normal day in the summer at the orchard was busy, but Don Faurot still found time for athletics. He would have to get up and be at work before 7. Don came in from the orchard at noon and usually played baseball or took fielding practice, Mrs. Faurot would call for lunch at 12:30 and then he would return to work with the other men before 1. He would come home ready to play for an hour of another sport around 6. Dinner was at 7 and then the family would go to bed, "We worked hard at the job and played hard at athletics; that was the way we grew up," said Mr. Faurot "Dad's idea was to wear us out in the daytime so we would go to bed right after supper!" At the age of nine Don Faurot lost two of his right fingers while working at his father's Fruit Experimental Station in Mountain Grove. In the summertime the Faurots sprayed their 250-acre orchard of apples, pears, peaches, and grapes for diseases using large spray tanks drawn by horses. Don was driving the horses from the top of the spray tank when they became startled and lunged forward; he fell back into the engine. Two of his fingers were caught in the gears and had to be removed. Mr. Faurot has learned to cope with his loss and does not see it as a disability. Mr. Faurot was an energetic young man. He put his energy to good use by organizaing and participating in sporting events. He was always interested in forming a game of baseball or "sand lot" football. The Faurot children stayed at home to play and invited others to come over because of their big 10-acre yard and their athletic equipment. Mrs. Vera Burk, his younger sister who now resides in Kirksville, recalled, "Mother told me that as a youngster there were sometimes arguments about scoring in games, Don would always give in to his opponent so the game would continue." Mr. Faurot did not go out for the freshman football team at the University of Missouri because of his size. By his junior year, the 1923 season, he had increased his weight to 145 pounds and had grown in height. Because of his increased size and his persistence, he earned a position on the varsity team as punter and halfback in which he started all but one game. His senior year he started in each game and the team lost only once and won their conference championship. "Football was Don's main sport," said Fred Faurot, Don's brother who coached football at NMSTC from 1936-38. Don was a three-year basketball letterman at Missouri and captain of the team his senior year. He also lettered in baseball. Don Faurot came to the University 7 (Page 8) [photo caption] Don Faurot lettered in three sports while at the University of Missouri, football, basketball, and baseball. of Missouri in 1920 and graduated from the University in 1925 with a Bachelor of Science degree in agriculture. He recalls, "I had another year of football eligibility, so I went back and changed majors to physical education. I went back the fifth year and took 16 hours of graduate work that year and played football until Christmas when my eligibility ran out. I took business law, public speaking, anatomy, and physiology to help me in the coaching profession. I never got a degree in education, but I took classes I thought that I would need. I had about 170 hours when I was through. I decided at that time to go into coaching instead of agriculture." Don Faurot's decision to enter the coaching profession was influenced by his love for sports. The main reason for becoming a coach was to stay active in athletics. His size was the main reason for leaving the sporting world as a competitor. This young athlete was still a little boy at heart with the burning desire for athletic competition, which stemmed from his childhood experiences when he lived in Mountain Grove. Realizing that his own career as an athlete had come to an end with no professional career opportunities available, he made the decision to go into coaching knowing that it was the best way to stay near athletics and develop the unknown talent following in his footsteps. Little did this future coach know what effects his decision would have on the athletic world. Mr. Faurot entered the coaching world in 1925 when he accepted the position of freshman coach at the University of Missouri. "An Oklahoma college offered me a coaching job after my four years in college. I could have graduated then but I turned down the job so that I could come back and play football and take more classes that I wanted to take. After I finished my football season, I was appointed freshman basketball coach, freshman baseball coach, and the next year freshman football coach. This was when I found out that I was pretty much in demand as a coach because I could coach all the sports." A job opened in Kirksville on December 1, 1925. Chester Brewer was the Athletic Director at the University of Missouri in 1925 and he had talked the young coach into staying in school for his fifth year. When the athletic directorship at NMSTC was vacated by H.L. "Curly" McWilliams, Don Faurot was recommended for the job by Mr. Brewer. "Mr. Brewer wrote some letters to President Eugene Fait at Kirksville, and I was asked to come to Kirksville for an interview and I got the job," said Mr. Faurot. Don Faurot came to Kirksville to coach football, basketball, baseball, and track. At that time, one man was hired to coach all four sports. Coach Faurot was considered an excellent choice for this position because he, unlike many other people, had participated in all four sports in college and had lettered 8 (Page 9) in three. Football was the sport for which Coach Faurot was most famous. When Mr. Faurot left NMSTC, all four of the sports that he coached had compiled winning records. His basketball teams had an overall record of 91 wins and 67 losses for a percentage of .577. His baseball teams, although not quite as successful, managed an overall record of 28 wins and 20 losses. The four years he was head coach of track, his teams finished near the top of the MIAA. His football teams were the most successful of all the sports that he coached. During his nine years at Kirksville, his football teams never had a losing season. They compiled an impressive record of 63 wins, 13 losses, and 3 ties. In 1931 and 1934, Coach Faurot's teams were undefeated with a 26 game winning streak. One of Mr. Faurot's secrets to success was his caring attitude towards his players. "Faurot made a point of going to the rooms of many of his players to keep open lines of communication," said one of Coach Faurot's former players, Fred Schwengel. "He truly cared about his players." Besides having the notable records, he also developed the passing game while at NMSTC. Mr. Faurot had three important parts to his competitive passing game. The first was a passer, not necessarily the quarterback. Many times it was the left halfback, one who could judge distance and lead time. The second ingredient was a receiver that could outrun the defense and catch the ball; and third the blocker had to protect the passer giving him time to throw. "At Kirksville their key to success was recruiting the good players around the area and then to develop their talent," said Coach Faurot. "The tuition was no problem for most students and the players. There were no slush funds and no scholarships of any kind. There were some student loans that were available for any of the students and if they needed jobs we helped get them one. They all were expected to work." Coach Faurot went back to the University of Missouri for two summers while he was coaching at NMSTC. "I did this because Dr. Fair thought that I would need a master's degree. The only thing that I could get it in was agriculture, because I already had 16 hours toward it. I came back to MU the summers of 1926 and 1927 and I received my master's degree in horticulture in the summer of 1927." Don Faurot did not have a large athletic budget to work with but in his estimation it was adequate. He said, "We had the gate receipts plus a budget to work with. The first year they dressed up the football team a little bit; we put white stripes with stick 'em on the blue jerseys. There were no airplanes at that time and it was expensive to travel by train, so we traveled by bus. For the first two years at NMSTC I was the only man in the department. I did all the coaching, all the teaching, and all the bus driving. I had no help in the coaching. There was a medical doctor in the health department when he was needed and a couple of osteopathic students who acted as trainers." The whole team took the blocking and tackling together. In his third year at Kirksville, an assistant coach was hired who took the backs while Coach Faurot took the linemen. The playing field was where the Administration and Humanities Building and Baldwin Auditorium are now located. "When we started winning, more people started to come and there wasn't any place to put them," said Mr. Faurot, "therefore they put up temporary bleachers on the side lines." When Stokes Stadium was built in 1930, there wasn't a building to dress in by the stadium, so the team dressed in the Kirk Auditorium and then walked to practice or the game. NMSTC played the conference teams every year plus St. Louis University, the University of Missouri, Pittsburg Kansas Teachers College, Simpson College, Iowa State, Westminister, Central College, and William Jewel College "We didn't travel as far as they do now. Most of the travel was to Kansas, South Missouri, Iowa or Illinois. The hotels only cost a dollar per man overnight and a $1.50 per man for meals which was adequate," he said. In 1935 Don Faurot became the athletic director and football coach at the Universty of Missouri. One contributing factor in Mr. Faurot's decision to leave Northeast Missouri State Teacher's College was that MU was his alma mater. Another factor was that the Missouri Tigers had won only two games in three years, one to a major college and one to a much smaller college. "I thought it was a challenge," he said and there was not doubt in his mind this was what he wanted to do. Don Faurot coached at MU from 1935-1956. His greatest [photo caption] During his senior year at MU, Don played fullback and punter on the varsity squad 9 (Page 10) [photo caption] During Coach Faurot's tenure basketball games were played in the Kirk Gym. Faurot is pictured in the back row, on the left, with his 1928 team. accomplishment at the University of Missouri was the unveiling of the Split-T formation, revealed against Ohio State in 1941. The year that Coach Faurot first used this new type of offense, the Missouri Tigers led the nation in rushing. In 1941 and 1942, the first two years this new offense was used, Missouri won the Big Six conference title. Coach Faurot's main reason for changing his offensive scheme to the Split-T was because he had lost his great passer, Paul Christman, and was forced to change to a running attack. The option, the main play from the Split-T formation, was a great tool to move the football down the field. Before Coach Faurot invented the option play, the closest relative to it was Australian football, where the ball was lateralled between players. Today Army, Navy, Oklahoma, and Colorado are examples of teams that use the option play today. Oklahoma, known for its running attack, uses the wishbone offense, which is a deviation of Faurot's Split-T attack. The option series consisted of three plays. The first play was the dive in which one of the backs ran through a hole in the middle of the line The second play occurs with the back running down the line with the option of either keeping the ball or pitching to a trailing back. The third was the running pass in which the back, after having been lateralled the ball, could either throw the ball to a receiver downfield or keep the ball and run with it. These plays are used as the basis for many teams' basic offense even today. Mr. Faurot's teams helped pay off the $500,000 debt on the University of Missouri stadium and also payed for the new annexes to the stadium. He increased the quality of teams that he played on the road. This competition provided more money through the contracts with other schools. Missouri played such colleges as Ohio State, Michigan, Illinois, Southern Methodist University, Texas, New York University and Fordham. In the 1930s and 40s, these were the top teams. Coach Faurot's last game as head coach was against the University of Kansas in the late fall of 1956. He recalled, "Our quarterback got hurt in the first quarter, so we didn't move the ball very well. Near the end we were behind 13 to 7, until we scored a touchdown late in the game, but we missed the field goal. That tied the game 13-13. On the next to the last play [photo caption] Before the field at Stokes Stadium was used in 1930, Coach Faurot's teams played on a field where the Administration/Humanities Building is located today. 10 (Page 11) Don Faurot's All-Time Record School Year Win Lose Tie Kirksville Teachers... 1926 7 1 0 Kirksville Teachers... 1927 8 1 0 Kirksville Teachers... 1928 7 2 1 Kirksville Teachers... 1929 5 3 1 Kirksville Teachers... 1930 5 5 0 Kirksville Teachers... 1931 6 1 1 Kirksville Teachers... 1932 8 0 0 Kirksville Teachers... 1933 9 0 0 Kirksville Teachers... 1934 8 0 0 Totals.......... 63 13 3 Missouri... 1935 3 3 3 Missouri... 1936 6 2 1 Missouri... 1937 3 6 1 Missouri... 1938 6 3 0 Missouri... 1939 8 2 0 Missouri... 1940 6 3 0 Missouri... 1941 8 2 0 Missouri... 1942 8 3 1 Iowa Pre-Flight... 1943 9 1 0 Jacksonville Fliers.. 1944 4 3 0 Missouri... 1946 5 4 1 Missouri... 1947 6 4 0 Missouri... 1948 8 3 0 Missouri... 1949 7 4 0 Missouri... 1950 4 5 1 Totals.......... 91 48 8 Grand Total..... 154 61 11 of the game, they tried to throw a pass and we tackled the quarterback for a loss and took them back inside their 10-yard line. On the last play of the game they tried to run a double reverse and our players tackled them in the end zone for safety, we won 15-13." Don Faurot's coaching record at the University of Missouri was as follows: His team won the championship of the Big Six in 1939, 1941, and 1942. Although he was winless in all of his bowl appearances, in 1939 Mr. Faurot's team went to the Orange Bowl and finished ninth in the nation. Also, in 1941, his team played in the Sugar Bowl and finished sixth in the nation. His teams also made two trips to the Gator Bowl, won 5 second-place finishes, and 7 third-place finishes in the conference. His overall record at the University of Missouri was 101 wins, 78 losses, and 10 ties. Mr. Faurot served as athletic director and coach since 1935 and gave up his coaching in 1956. In 1957 he hired Frank Broyles as his replacement. Broyles stayed only one year. Don Faurot then hired Dan Devine, then at Arizona State, as the replacement for Coach Broyles. Devine replenished the wining tradition held at the University of Missouri. Because of Coach Faurot's success, the Missouri Tigers outgrew Memorial Stadium, With Don Faurot's guidance and alumni support, the stadium size was increased from 24,000 in 1935 to 60,000 seats in 1978. In 1972 Memorial Stadium was dedicated to Mr. Faurot, changing the name to Faurot Field. Since retiring as athletic director in 1967, Mr. Faurot has been involved with the Missouri Alumni Association and their many fund-raisers. Mr. Faurot is also responsible for choosing the North team for the Blue-Gray All-Star Classic. He picks the outstanding seniors, using the scouting reports and coaches' opinion polls. He is the secretary of the Missouri Senior Golf Association, which plans trips for its members to such places as Hawaii, Florida, Canada, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. Since his stepping down as athletic director, Mr. Faurot has resided in Columbia, Missouri, with his wife, Mary Davidson Faurot, formerly of Hannibal, Missouri. They have three daughters. Also, Mr. Faurot is an avid outdoorsman; golfing, hunting, and fishing are some of his hobbies. With the great success Mr. Faurot achieved, came the awards and recognitions. Don Faurot was elected to the Northeast Missouri State University Sports Hall of Fame, Missouri Sports Hall of Fame, and National Football Hall of Fame. He is also a member of the Missouri Squires and member and past president of National Football Coaches Association. At age 84 he is still in good health. Don Faurot has led an enviable life, which has been centered around Missouri athletics. Being born and raised in Missouri, he has spent most of his life in Missouri coaching Missouri athletes. At the University of Missouri he developed the Split-T and its option plays. With the changes that Don Faurot has made on the football world during his career as a coach and an athletic director, he has assisted in developing the football that we know today. By Jonathan Walker and Rick Gooch 11 (Page 12) [photo caption] This is the view from the north bank looking toward the College Park Housing Development. This development was started by Dr. Maurice Garrett and his brother in 1963 when they purchased the land from the last of the Ownbey heirs. [photo caption] The island that Mr. Ownbey created is still in the center of the lake although there are now trees growing on it. The Garrett brothers spent most of the summer after they purchased the property bulldozing the lake back to its original size. UNCLE BEN'S PLACE Over 20,000 people celebrated the Fourth of July, 1924, waiting for a cross to burn. Ownbey Lake was the sight of an all-day Ku Klux Klan picnic that took place on this date. The picnic area of the lake was used to hold many contests throughout the day. These were mainly to pass the time until dusk when the "real" show started. A parade of over 250 Klansmen started marching at the old high school on McPherson Street. The route continued around the square and south to Ownbey Lake. This was not only for men; three carloads of uniformed Klanswomen followed the men to the lake. Once there, speeches were given by Z. A. Harris and Ralf Clarkson, who were national Klan representatives. At dust an aerial fireworks display was given by Lt. Weber. When he started circling the area, he had a burning cross on the underside of his plane, and he continued with many colorful displays. The evening was to conclude with a Klan ceremony at which they were to burn a huge cross on the north bank of the lake. The cross broke when they were putting it up, so they used a smaller one. The whole ceremony was not completed because a huge crowd, estimated by the Kirksville Daily Express to number 20-30,000 people, had crowded into the grounds. A count of 500 cars was also taken by the Express. Parking was scarce; Robert Link remembers the cars backed up First Street so far they had to exit to the south. It was an event that people would not forget for many years, even after the Klan became a disgrace to the community. The above event took place at what Mr. Link called the "Recreation Center" for Kirksville and the surrounding communities. Ownbey Lake was actually a farm pond that Benjamin F. Ownbey, Sr. had enlarged to approximately eight acres and made a recreation center by adding a dancing pavilion, bath [photo caption] Benjamin Ownbey, in his seventies, is standing near his log cabin on the lake shore. Mr. Ownbey made many improvements to the pond, for example the addition of gas lamps around the area. One is visible to his right. (Photo courtesy of Robert Link) 12 (Page 13) [photo caption] The island shown in this postcard is still part of the pond to day. In the 1920s, the boathouse, shown in the background, housed 24 rowboats which were available for rental. (Photo courtesy of Pickier Memorial Library) [photo caption] The main body of the pond is visible in this postcard of Ownbey Lake taken sometime in the early 1900s. (Photo courtesy of Pickier Memorial Library) houses, and boat rentals. Mr. Ownbey was the son of some of the first settlers in Adair County, Canada and Lucinda Ownbey. Born on December 8, 1848, at the family farm, two miles south of Kirksville at that time, he would grow up there, have his business and farm there, and after his death the land was turned into a Kirksville subdivision. Mr. Ownbey spent his childhood working on the farm and attending public school. At the age of 21, he married Mary C. Simpson of Ohio. They continued to live on the family farm. The Ownbey's raised six children Ida, Hailey, William, Robert (who died in infancy), Emma, and Benjamin, Jr. In 1898 Uncle Ben opened his pond for public use. It quickly became a gathering place for the town. Many picnics, both large and small, took place on the 40 acres surrounding the lake. There was a concession stand for those who did not pack their own lunch. The dancing pavilion was open to the public every Saturday night for dances. The college and organization also held events there. Boats could be rented for 25 cents an hour. Most of these boats were rowboats, but at one time there was one that had an engine. The lake was stocked with bullheads and perch and some people would fish even though Mr. Ownbey did not always allow it. Bath houses were provided for a small fee for those who wanted to swim. Some of the boys who lived in the area would swim at the far end of the pond without permission. They were run off if caught; Mr. Ownbey was always afraid someone would drown. These were all summer activities. The main event in the winter was Mr. Ownbey's ice business. There was some ice skating on the lake. The Ownbey Ice business sold ice door-to-door all summer; this was before refrigeration. In order to store the ice, he had an ice house built close to the lake. It had four very large rooms and its walls were insulated with sawdust. When the ice was about ten to twelve inches thick, it was cut from the lake in one and a half by two foot pieces. It was then dragged into the ice house and covered with sawdust to prevent it from melting. He had seven wagons that would take the orders from their route and measure the amount of ice to the customer. Mr. Ownbey died November 20, 1927. His daughter, Hailey, ran the business until the Second World War when the community was finding better activities to take up its time. The land continued to be used as farm land until Maurice Garrett, D.O., and his brother bought the land and developed it. By Renee Wilson [photo caption] Ownbey Lake as it is today. The lake is still used for some recreational purposes by the residents of the College Park addition. [photo caption] Uncle Ben's Cabin: A small log house Mr. Ownbey built for the "heck of it." (Photo courtesy of Robert Link) 13 (Page 14) Scenes from the Past Approximately 70 years ago, a statue was unveiled in Kirksville. It was one of Kirksville's famous men in history, Dr. Andrew Taylor Still, who was the founder of the science of osteopathy. On May 23, 1917, Dr. Still's 10-year-old grandson, Charles Still, Jr., revealed the statue by pulling off the American flag as seen in the photograph to the right. Two thousand people attended the ceremony which was held on the lawn of the American School of Osteopathy, located on the corner of Jefferson and Osteopathy. (Photos courtesy of KCOM Library) George J. Zolnay was the original creator of the bronze statue. Dr. Zolnay depicted Dr. Still with his famous walking stick. Below the statue the words "The God I worship demonstrates all his works" are inscribed. This year there was a strong push for the preservation and safekeeping of this statue. There were dual purposes in restoring Dr. Still's statue. One was the restoration and the preservation itself, and the second was the creation of a mold to be available to other osteopathic hospitals to establish memorials to Andrew Taylor Still. The restoration project was completed by a team from Washington University in St. Louis. The team was headed by Jim Sterrit, shown in the top far right photo. In the lower left photo the statue is in the casting process of its renovation. At noon on October 8, 1986, Dr. Charles Still, Jr., unveiled the restored statue on the lawn of the Adair County Courthouse before a crowd of 150 people. Members of the American Osteopathic Association from Australia, Canada, and the United States were in attendance to witness the new look of the statue of the founder of osteopathy, Dr. Scancarella, president of the Kirksville Osteopathic Alumni Association, and Dr. Fred Tinning, president of the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, had the honor of assisting Dr. Charles Still, Jr., in the unveiling of the newly renovated statue at the brief ceremony, shown in the lower far right photo. The renovations and rededication of the statue are a public reminder of the importance of osteopathic medicine in Kirksville and throughout the world. The statue of Dr. A. T. Still, his memory, and accomplishments will remain in the hearts of many for years to come. 14 (Page 15) 15 (Page 16) County Trivia What year was the Louisiana Purchase? How many square miles are in a township? How many counties in the northeast section of the state are named after Revolutionary War Generals? In 1804 there were just five districts in Upper Louisiana. After the territory of the Louisiana Purchase was acquired, William Henry Harrison was placed in charge of the area that is today Missouri. He reorganized the territory into five counties that the Spanish had earlier grouped: St. Charles, Ste. Genevieve, St. Louis, Cape Girardeau, and New Madrid. The northernmost county, St. Charles, was named for St. Charles Borromeo, an Italian cardinal. This area was designated between the Missouri River and the Mississippi River. Its oldest settlement was St. Charles, founded in 1780 by a hunter named Louis Blanchette. He was also commonly known as Blanchette le Chasseur (Blanchette, the hunter). Ste. Genevieve County was established between the Meremac River on the north and Apple Creek on the south. [photo caption] This picture shows Township 62 North, Range 15 West, also known as Kirksville, which was selected as the seat of Adair County in 1841. It was named for the French Saint Genevieve who was the Patroness of Paris. The county housed the city of Ste. Genevieve which was very important in the making of Missouri's history. It was the first permanent white settlement established in Missouri. The town itself had been moved from its original site and established on higher ground three miles farther up the Mississippi River. St. Louis County was named for St. Louis, the patron saint of the King Louis XV of France. The oldest and largest settlement in this county was St. Louis, founded in 1764. The county was located between the Missouri River on the north and the Meramec on the south and indefinitely to the west. The America settlers at this time tended to settle their homesteads along these rivers. The name Cape Girardeau was derived from a man, Girardot, who lived in this area and traded with the Indians. Because of their knowledge of Girardot, the river men gave the name Girardeau to this area. It is situated between Apple Creek on the north and Twappity Bottom on the south. New Madrid was named for Madrid, Spain, by the Spanish authorities who had settled there. Its first settlement was called L'Anse a La Graise (a cove of fat or grease), due to the abundance of game in the area. It was established on a bend of the Mississippi River where the town of New Madrid stands today. This county is south of Cape Girardeau County as far as the mouth of the St. Francois River-presently Halena, Arkansas. In 1812, following the changes in the territory, Congress raised this area to a second-class status and named it the Territory of Missouri, making it more distinguished and recognized. In this same year, the Territorial Legislature, set up by Congress, divided the area into seven counties: the original five set up by William Henry Harrison, plus Washington County, part of Ste. Genevieve County around Potosi, and what is now Arkansas became a part of New Madrid County. The period between 1815 to 1837 was one of the great changes in Missouri in regards to the making of counties. In 1815 Lawrence County was established. This county owes its name to Captain James Lawrence, commander in the War of 1812. When Captain Lawrence was wouded and dying, he cried out, "Don't give up the ship!" Lawrence County was abolished in 1815, making room for 18 counties to be created. In 1816 the "mother county," Howard County was born. Howard County was so-named because 31 counties were formed 16 (Page 17) [photo caption] This map shows part of the townships and ranges of Adair County. from parts of its land and borders. Among those founded in the northeast area were Putnam, Schuyler, Scotland, Clark, Lewis, Marion, Knox, Shelby, Linn, Sullivan, Macon, and Adair. Seven of these counties were named after Revolutionary War Generals, one was named after a North Carolina congressman, one after a Kentucky governor, another after a state senator, and two were named after Lewis and Clark, known for their early explorations of our country. A neighboring county, Macon County, was established in 1837. It was named for Nathaniel Macon, a United States senator from North Carolina. He was admired for the undying [photo caption] This map shows part of the township of the city of Kirksville. [photo caption] This map of Missouri shows the various counties which were in existence before the establishment of Adair County in 1841. faith he had in the ability of the people to govern themselves. His favorite saying was, "If left alone they will always do what is right!" Adair County was formed in 1841. It came from the Missouri Territory that was divided into Howard County and then attached to Chariton County. This action was formally adopted in the Eleventh General Assembly of 1841 as: "Beginning at a point in the middle of range thirteen, on the township line dividing the townships sixty and sixty-one; thence, west, on said township line, to the range line dividing ranges seventeen and eighteen; thence, north, on said range line, to a point three miles north of the township line dividing townships sixty-three and sixty-four; thence, east, on a line parallel to said township line, to the centre of township sixty- four, in range thirteen, thence, south, to the place of the beginning, is hereby created a separate and distinct county, to be called and known by the name of the county of Adair." To simplify this passage, a township is 36 square miles. Each direction consists of six square miles. Each section is one square mile made up of 640 acres. All townships lying north and south are known as ranges. These forms are used to show longitude and latitude. Adair County was named after John Adair who was born in Chester County, South Carolina, in 1759. During his life, Adair served his state, Kentucky, to the best of his ability. He served in the Revolutionary Army and was Brigadier General for the Kentucky State Militia. Adair was described by many 17 (Page 18) as having a "military and civil character," Politics was his next step. John Adair was the State Senator of Kentucky from 1805 to 1806, governor from 1820 to 1824, and served in Congress from 1831 to 1833. John Adair died at Harrodsburg, Kentucky, on May 19, 1840. Immigrants from Kentucky and many people of Missouri did not want the memory of John Adair to be forgotten. Thanks to their combined efforts and determination, Adair County was named in his honor in 1841. By Andrea Vorkink and Denny Smoyer County Trivia The Louisiana Purchase was made in 1803. There are 640 square miles in a township. Seven counties were named after Revolutionary War Generals. 18 (Page 19) END OF AN ELECTRICAL ERA After the Great Depression, Chester Bell started the Bell Electric Service in 1933. For 53 years Chester, joined later by his younger brother Hurshel, has been selling appliances, wiring homes, and fixing any item imaginable. Clyde Bell and his wife, Laura, raised a large family - seven boys and three girls. The family lived on a farm southeast of Sperry, Missouri. When Chester was a teenager, his father died. With a lack of money in the family and ten mouths to feed, Chester was called upon to work on the farm and not go to school. During the First World War Chester continued to help support his family by working for farmers in the northeast Missouri and Illinois area. In 1920 he went to work for Gilbert Sneed. Mrs. Lola Bell, Chester's wife, recalled, "Mr. Sneed said he didn't need Chester a bit more than a dog needed five legs, but that he hired him more in self-defense because every Monday morning Chester went in to ask if he had any work for him to do. Chester had always wanted to be an electrician as a child, but because he had to work on the farm, he never got any schooling in that area." Mr. Sneed and Bill Salisbury took him out on jobs and gradually let him do the wiring. Washington and Benton Schools were the first projects that Chester completed himself. "He was always so proud of those schools, that he felt like he owned them," Mrs. Bell replied. When Chester started working for Mr. Sneed in 1920, he was paid $6 a week, paying $5 for room and board. Many people remember Chester Bell's unusual way of traveling to and from his first jobs. Mrs. Bell described his transportation, "He rode a bicycle carrying long pipes, tool boxes, and even ladders on his shoulder Mr. Sneed only had one truck and if the other man was using it, Chester had to ride his bike. The funny thing," she goes on to say, "was that one afternoon Chester came home talking about how he had never had a new bike of his own and believed he would buy one. So, the very next day he went out and bought himself a new bike. He was 86 years old at the time!" Being ten years younger than Chester meant that Hurshel was too young to do much on the farm. He was allowed to go to school, going through the eighth grade before dropping out to work on a farm in Illinois. Hurshel returned home three years later to take care of his mother. He then began doing odd jobs for people from New York, New York to Omaha, Nebraska, or anywhere else necessary. He did such jobs as driving and unloading trucks. "I also went to a refrigeration school in Dayton, Ohio," states the younger Bell. One of his fondest memories is of the time he worked for the Federal Aviation Administration wiring airport lights. He and a partner bought an airplane and flew around the country. "We would wire airport lights, runway lights, approach lights, and landing systems," Mr Bell recalled. It ended in tragedy 15 years later when his partner crashed outside of Winigan, Missouri, killing himself. Already having bought half-interest in the Bell Electric Company, Hurshel finished the contract he was working on and went to work with his brother in 1960. Chester started the business on January 15, 1933, in the old Masonic Building located on North Elson where Too Talls [photo caption] As a child, Chester Bell rode a bicycle on the 14-mile trip from his home in Sperry, Missouri, to Kirksville. He continued to ride his bike while working for Sneed Electric in the 1920s. Here Chester is shown on one of the many bikes he has owned throughout his life. 19 (Page 20) Two is today, Mr. Bell and Glen Preston each rented half of the building, each paying $15 per month. Mr. Preston ran a tire shop in his half, while the elder Bell did electrical wiring, "Kirksville had been hard hit by the Depression, and so were we," said Mrs. Bell. Thinking back she continued, "When we started, any business we got was a help in just getting by." Within a year, the Electrical Service went into the appliance business. "There was lots of competition," Hurshel remembers, "so Chester decided that the selling of appliances would help to bring in customers." Faced with the need for more room, the business moved to 110 South Franklin, the present location of Cundiff's Insurance Agency. Soon the building was sold, so the business moved across the street to 105 South Franklin, Three years later the owner asked them to move out so she could open a dress shop, They had earlier bought the old Eggert Apartments which were then torn down and replaced by the building that still stands at 307 South Franklin "Chester had wanted to keep the apartments, but at the time there were no empty buildings around the square," Mrs. Bell remarked. The new, two-story building was designed by the two brothers who were also the landlords of the six apartments that were built in the upper level. There is also a machine shop in the basement, Chester had always enjoyed wiring homes the most The number of houses being wired rose to the point where in one year, Mr. Bell and the five boys working for him wired 34 homes. When the housing business dropped in Kirksville, the brothers were already too old to do as much as before, so this did not make a big impact on their livelihood. Mrs. Bell recalls the most frightening time as when her husband was working on coal mining equipment in a mine west of Novinger, Missouri. "It was very dangerous because of the tremendous voltage the machinery contained," she said. Sometimes when Mr. Bell was working on a water pump motor or something else important to a farmer, he would work all day and sometimes into the night. Mrs. Bell remarked, "He always did service for people who needed it the most." Both brothers loved to work on motors, but motors were not the only items which they repaired. While Chester was wiring houses and other buildings, Hurshel was working on motors, refrigerators, and small electrical appliances. Hurshel recalls one item in particular that he repaired, "One day a woman brought in an umbrella that had its wires broken off of it. It was hard to fix because I could not sodder the metal. I finally went and bought some super-glue and fixed it that way. Recently I had to fix a climbing monkey on a rope that a woman brought in!" The cost of getting an appliance or other gadget fixed at the Bell's store ranges from $3 to $25, depending on the size and the materials used. Their costs have risen over the years, due to inflation and other economic situations. The brothers have been well-known in Kirksville for many years. Chester has been very active in the Kiwanis Club, being named Kiwanian of the year in 1985. Whenever people saw the brothers it seemed as though Hurshel always had a cigar in his mouth "I'm addicted," said Hurshel, and Chester loved to golf , playing as often as three times a week. The Chester Bell Memorial Golf Scholarship, a one-year membership at the Country Club, is given by his son, Gordon, to a deserving high school boy each spring. Chester and Lola were married August 10, 1925. They are [photo caption] Chester and Hurshel Bell unload a boxcar of Hot Point appliances in the early 1950s. 20 (Page 21) the parents of two children, Sharon and Gordon. Sharon, now Sharon Smith, works for Family Services in Bethany, Missouri, where her husband, Gerald Smith, is the principal of the local high school. Gordon graduated in 1957 from MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with a degree in computer science. He is now working for the National Science Foundation in Washington, DC. Hurshel was married to Susan McMaster in 1927. They raised a foster child, Carlos Ray, who now resides in Virginia. The Bells belong to the First United Methodist Church in Kirksville. Chester Bell was a member of the Administrative Board and the Board of Stewards for many years. He was also a charter member of the Men's Club and remained an active member until his health failed. On August 9, 1985, Chester worked his normal day. At 3 o'clock in the morning on August 10th, his 60th wedding anniversary, he suffered a massive heart attack. On November 2, 1986, Chester Bell passed away. While Chester was in Twin Pines Nursing Home before he passed away, Mrs. Bell told a story about his remarkable ability to fix items. "The other day I had broken a small radio I took it down to Chester and even in his condition he was able to put it back together." The business continued to be managed by Hurshel, who still worked and repaired goods On November 6, 1986, he auctioned all remaining items. Hurshel and Susan Bell are retiring to a farm in Illinois that has been in her family for quite some time. Mr. Bell is doubtful of his going into farming again. "The last time I went into farming, I bought 300 cattle as an investment I lost over $1,000 on them!" Now that the era of Bell Electric is over, people can reflect on the many years of service that Chester and Hurshel gave to this community. Mrs. Chester Bell has no regrets on living their entire life in Kirksville. She summed it up when she said, "Kirksville has been good to us. We haven't gotten rich in wealth, but we feel we are rich in friends!" By John Hill and Ben Thomas 21 (Page 22) A PIONEER IN EDUCATION [photo caption] As a young man, Joseph Baldwin realized the importance of teacher education and dedicated his life to furthering this idea. "Pure in word and thought, spotless in character Dedicated to the service of God and the uplifting of man." This quote from Joseph Baldwin: A Dedicated Teacher Educator, exemplifies the spirit of an extraordinary man, a man with a true pioneering spirit who founded a great teaching institution, a man who brought higher education to Northeast Missouri Joseph Baldwin. Great men do not always come from significant beginnings. Such was the case for Joseph Baldwin. He was born October 31, 1827, on a small farm in New Castle, Pennsylvania, as one of seven children. His childhood was rather uneventful for he worked long, hard hours on his father's farm. He could not even attend the district school regularly because of all the work the family farm required. But Joseph was a happy boy. His home was filled with love and he always found time for his favorite pastime - reading. He would often take a book to the field with him to enjoy. Fortunately, his father, whose name was also Joseph, was a school teacher and an avid reader, too. Young Joseph's love for books and his ability to make the most of his opportunities enabled him to learn more than most children his age. Joseph Baldwin was raised in a devout religious background. During the thirties and forties there was religious unrest. Joseph's parents were a part of this religious movement and converted to the Church of Christ. In fact, Joseph's mother, Isabelle, was one of the first women in the area to join this church. Later, as a young man, Joseph also joined the Church of Christ. He always had a deep interest in the Christian faith and would later have to choose between the ministry and teaching. In 1846 he entered Bartlett Academy in Pennsylvania. He lived with his grandfather, William Cairns. Cairns was a strict man of sound character and had a definite Christian influence on his grandson. His grandson graduated from the Bartlett Academy in 1847. The following year Joseph Baldwin entered Bethany College in Virginia and his father persuaded him to prepare for the ministry. The first problem he encountered was a lack of funds. His sister, Mrs. Isabelle Grigsby, loaned him the money which he paid back the first year after graduating in 1852. At Bethany, he was soon influenced by its vibrant president, Alexander Campbell. He lived with Reverend Campbell as one of the family. Leading churchmen and educators visited the Campbell household and Joseph learned much from their many debates. According to John R. Kirk, former president of NMSU, by living in Alexander Campbell's home, Joseph Baldwin received double the equivalent of a college education in a four-year period. Mr. Baldwin graduated from Bethany College on July 4, 1852. Fifty-two days after graduating, he married Miss Ellen Fluhart from Wausion, Ohio. She became Baldwin's strongest ally during the years of their marriage. Joseph Baldwin, undecided on whether to teach or go into the ministry, listened to his wife's suggestions and decided to teach. One reason for teaching was the fact that he needed money to repay his loan to his sister. Also, at this time he was not confident with his public-speaking abilities. In the fall of 1852, Joseph Baldwin came to Missouri where he taught at the Platt City Academy. He then moved to Savan- By Dana Kollar and Gayla Hill 22 (Page 23) [photo caption] The statue of Joseph Baldwin was erected on the Northeast Missouri State University campus in 1927 in commemoration of his birthday and the 60th anniversary of the founding of the school. na in 1853. Here he started his work in the field of teacher education at the Savanna Collegiate Institution. As a young man, he helped organize the Missouri State Teachers Association in St. Louis. After being chosen as a vice-president, he made decisions concerning the establishment of a State Normal School in Missouri. For the first time, President Baldwin would realize the great significance that a normal school would have on the state of Missouri. Mrs. Baldwin disliked Savanna. So, during the spring of 1856, at the age of 29, Baldwin and his wife left Missouri and returned to his hometown of New Castle, Pennsylvania. He then began studying under Dr. Wickersham at the Millersville Normal School. He studied the field of professional education for teachers and was greatly influenced by this program. Baldwin's nephew, J.J. Grisby, invited him to come to Burnettsville, Indiana, where Baldwin opened the Indiana Normal School in 1859. While Joseph Baldwin was in Indiana, the Normal School prospered and at last he had discovered his life's ambition. The school was open for only five years because Joseph Baldwin closed its doors in June 1863 and joined the Union Army. He was discharged from the Army due to a bout with pneumonia that damaged his lungs. Doctors advised him to wait a few years before going back to the classroom, but he could not stay away. In the fall of 1864, he was president of a teacher education institution in Logansport, Indiana. By 1866 President Baldwin had become dissatisfied with the situation at Logansport and seriously considered returning to Missouri. He met with Major John B. Merwin of St. Louis who encouraged him to come to Missouri and establish a normal school. Originally, Mr. Baldwin had planned to go to St. Joseph since he knew that part of Missouri best. Incidentally, Baldwin's nephew, J.J. Grisby, now lived in Kirksville and would greatly influence his uncle. On February 13, 1867, Joseph Baldwin reached Macon by the North Missouri Railroad and traveled the rest of the way to Kirksville by horse and buggy. That evening he met with a group of citizens, some of whom were stockholders in the Cumberland Academy. He told these people his dreams and received a positive response. These talks ended in the negotiation of a contract for a ten-year lease of the Cumberland Academy at a rate of $100 a year. Mr. Baldwin remodeled the building and on September 2, 1867, the North Missouri Normal School was opened. It must be emphasized that Northeast Missouri in 1867 was much different than it is today. Professor of Missouri History Walter H. Ryle, Jr., said, "When Joseph Baldwin arrived in Kirksville, very few roads were paved and the one or two room [photo caption] The North Missouri Normal School was located in the Cumberland Academy on the corner of Mulanix and Hickory Streets from 1867-1871. 23 (Page 24) rural schools of the day were poorly staffed. Some teachers did not even have a college education." This area was truly a frontier. The new North Missouri Normal School did not have a reputation to draw students. To recruit students, Baldwin traveled in a horse and buggy spreading his message. He was tireless in his travels, and with his persuasive personality he was able to sell his school. Mrs. Pauline Knobbs, a former NMSTC instructor, said, "Baldwin even sent out his faculty to make speeches, trying to encourage student attendance. The opening of the North Missouri Normal School was the first major step of the cause to which Joseph Baldwin dedicated his life: the professional training of teachers. It was a private teachers college granting a bachelor of arts degree in education. The first year, 140 men and women enrolled in the normal department and 144 in the model school department. President Baldwin was more than satisfied with the enrollment, considering the Civil Was was going on. His optimism proved to be right on track. The second year 203 enrolled, and by only the fourth year the normal department had more than doubled its enrollment. One of the first matters to be dealt with was the selection of a faculty. Mr. Baldwin felt teachers should be good role models with strong character. After careful consideration, he chose a fairly young faculty of five members. They were William P. Nason, Mr. and Mrs. F.L. Ferris, and Mr. and Mrs. J.M. Greenwood. The future accomplishments of these individuals show again that Joseph Baldwin was wise and insightful. Clearly, his ability to position people according to their talents had a definite impact on the future of the school. In fact, when asked what he considered his greatest accomplishment, Joseph Baldwin replied, "I discovered J.M. Greenwood." According to Mrs. Knobbs, "The teachers made the difference." Another responsibility of the president was organizing the curriculm. President Baldwin felt students must have the best possible elementary and secondary education with a knowledge of many subjects. He particularly stressed science, though courses from agriculture to debating were offered. Mrs. Knobbs said, "The commercial subjects that were taught included bookkeeping, typewriting, shorthand, and penmanship." Most people of the day were advocates of one of three ideas concerning the distinctive work of a normal school. One idea was that the normal's basic concern should be that of academics. They believed through scholarship a person would learn all that was needed to know to be able to teach. Other people thought professionalism should be stressed because to them, the art of teaching was most important. Finally, there was the view that a normal school should have two different parts. These people felt academic and professional programs should be separated to exist on an equal level. Needless to say, these viewpoints created friction and rivalry between the two departments. Mr. Baldwin, however, stood [photo caption] The new home for the First District State Normal School was dedicated in February of 1873. All pictures courtesy of Pickier Memorial Library. 24 (Page 25) firmly by his conviction that scholarship and professionalism were equally important and should be combined and implemented into one program. In other words, a broad knowledge of subject matter is important, but so is thorough training in how to teach. Joseph Baldwin believed the two ideas should be interwoven. This controversial idea was the foundation of his normal school and is one of Joseph Baldwin's major contributions to education in Missouri and in the nation. Another aspect in Joseph Baldwin's theory on complete teacher preparation was the need for a period of internship, which led to the establishment of the Model School right along with the Normal School. Its purpose was to allow students to participate in the teaching process while observing professional teachers, a distinctive feature of the Normal School. The educational system in Missouri during the mid-1800s was dominated by universities and private liberal arts schools. In spite of terrific opposition, President Baldwin's Normal School became the North Missouri State Normal School of the First District on December 29, 1870. This was the first state-supported institution in Missouri for educating teachers and the mother of future teacher's colleges. Everyone has trials and tribulations and Joseph Baldwin was no exception. He was always fighting for the recognition and respect he deserved. Problems also arose between him and the Board of Regents at the Normal School. He never had their full support and did not have the patience to play political games that would win the Board's respect. The matter of funds always seemed to appear. There was never enough money to keep the Normal School progressing as Joseph Baldwin thought it should. From the very first, he saw the need for a library and tried to get more funds to furnish it. During his 14 years as president, his salary was never more than $2,000. When offered the position of president at the Sam Houston University in Huntsville, Texas, Mr. Baldwin resigned his position at the Normal School in Kirksville in 1891. The salary was greater and so was the challenge. And for Joseph Baldwin to thrive, he had to follow his pioneering spirit. Mr. Baldwin still had many of the same ideas; he was still opposed to drinking, dancing, and playing cards. Courses were much the same as those in Kirksville and the school year was divided into four terms. Also, he was still committed to increasing the library. The chief difference between the school in Kirksville and the one in Huntsville was that Kirksville had four-year courses that emphasized academics. In Huntsville, President Baldwin added a third year post-graduate course that emphasized professional training. The Sam Houston University saw much growth under its new president. From 1890-1891 there were, for the first time, more paying students than scholarship students. The students came from many different areas and grew in number along with the faculty and graduates. One hundred and ten students were enrolled. The increasing power and influence of the University was largely due to Joseph Baldwin. Public-speaking was now a love of this multi-talented man. Wherever he went, Baldwin promoted education. In Texas he concentrated on his plan for six normal schools in the state. He also thought summer normal institutes that lasted four to six weeks were vital. From 1880-1897 he was involved with the training of conductors for the normal institutes through his affiliation with the summer school. In 1891, Joseph Baldwin resigned from Sam Houston University and accepted the position of Professor of Pedagogy at the University of Texas in Austin. He stayed there until 1897. After leaving Austin at the age of 70, Mr. Baldwin attended the University of Chicago and wrote a series of articles for Texas School Magazine. He continued to lecture until he fell ill with pneumonia. Joseph Baldwin died on the 13th of January, 1899. Joseph Baldwin also wrote and published four books: The Art of School Management (1880), Elementary Psychology and Education (1887), Psychology Applied to the Art of Teaching, and School Management and School Methods (1897) These books were mainly used as textbooks for elementary and secondary education. To list all the honors of this great man would be impossible. Some, naturally, stand out more than others. A window in the Memorial Chapter at Sam Houston University is dedicated to him. The Northeast Missouri State University has shown their high regard of its founder by erecting a statue of him on their campus. Baldwin Day was held June 13, 1893, in Kirksville to recognize the achievements of Joseph Baldwin. In 1901 the first building the State of Missouri erected for teacher education was named Baldwin Hall. Whenever one thinks of education in Missouri, Joseph Baldwin must come to mind. He was a true crusader with an indestructible faith. His influence can be seen in the present-day university, its graduates, and the city of Kirksville itself. 25 (Page 26) [photo caption] During the late 1920s, Dodson Field owned by "Cap" Dodson, was originally located at the present site of Jim Robertson Chevrolet. (Photo courtesy of Johnny Greer) FLYING HIGH! It was the barnstorming of Englishman, Tommy Weber, combined with other colorful characters and events which spurred interest in air travel to Kirksville and the early beginnings of what would eventually lead to the present-day Kirksville Municipal Airport. In the early 1920s, WW I pilot, Tommy Weber, was barnstorming his way across the United States, finally settling in Kirksville and starting his own private airport because of the interest he found in aviation by local people. It was located on the north side of Kirksville at the present site of Jim Robertson Chevrolet. When Mr. Weber left the area a year later, the airport was taken over by pioneer aviator Roy B. "Cap" Dodson and named Dodson Field. At that time, he was one of the few pilots in the area. "Cap" Dodson was later contacted by the Civil Aeronautics Administration, because he was an experienced pilot, to choose a site suitable for the placement of a beacon light and an emergency landing site for passenger and mail flights between Kansas City and Chicago. During daylight hours planes followed railroad tracks and highways. To aid in flying at night, beacon lights were placed at regular intervals along flight paths between major cities The area chosen by "Cap" Dodson was later to become what is today the Kirksville Municipal Airport. With the onset of WW II came the need for a paved all- weather landing field to be used for the Civilian Pilots Training Program and the War Training Service of the Army Air Corps. Along with the new airstrip came hangars, a tower, and a restaurant. Both war training services ceased after WW II, and from that time until 1959, it was used by local pilots and as a stopover for planes flying through the area. In 1959, in Omaha, Nebraska, the Civil Aeronautics Board held a hearing to decide what areas would begin receiving airline services. Representatives from numerous cities within seven states were in attendance. Kirksville officials learned of the hearing only the day before it was scheduled to be held. Even though they had no formal application and were technically ineligible to appear before the hearing examiners, six persons were sent to represent Kirksville. Finally, sometime in 1959, Kirksville was accepted by Ozark Airlines on their Kansas City to Chicago route. The main reason for Ozark's acceptance of Kirksville was to keep rival airlines from getting into Ozark's territory. Unfortunately, the hearing examiner accidentally forgot to add Kirksville's name to the list of accepted sites; it was because of the testimony of Congressman Clarence Cannon from Missouri's Ninth District, who was also chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, that Kirksville was restored to the list. On October 1, 1960, Ozark Airlines began providing commercial service with flights from Kansas City to Chicago. The airline also provided stops at Ottumwa, Cedar Rapids, Moline, and later Sterling, Illinois Ozark's first commercial flight departing from the Kirksville airport was a DC-3 piloted by Phil Roberts, an Adair County native, who also flew the first prop jet, an FH-227-B, out of Kirksville. When Ozark switched to the Des Moines - St. Louis schedule, the larger aircraft attracted a significantly larger 26 (Page 27) [photo caption] Several Kirksville dignitaries tour the airport shortly before commercial service began. The terminal building and the cafe that were present until the late 1960s are seen in the background. (Photo courtesy of Johnny Greer) number of people than with the Kansas City - St. Louis schedule. The airport's top year with the Kansas City - St. Louis schedule was in 1961 with only 1,829 boardings compared to 2,000 boardings every year with the Des Moines - St Louis schedule. Ozark retained this schedule until the company's last flight on April 23, 1976. Another commuter service at the airport was Horizon Airways which began its service on April 4, 1972, with flights to and from Kansas City. Kirksville was the location of its home office and the service was operated by Dr. Steve Barber, a local dentist and pilot. Between the years 1972 and 1976, Horizon grew from a one-plane to a five-plane service with flights to and from Kansas City and St. Louis using a Cessna 402 and a Piper Seneca. There were three other light aircraft available for flight school and charter service. Growing as fast as they were, Horizon changed its name to Air Missouri in 1976. Along with changes in air service, came dramatic improvements in the airport facility Since World War II there had not been any improvements to the airport. The airport's facilities were originally located at the north end of the runway, later to be torn down and rebuilt where they presently stand. Clarence Cannon had helped gain appropriations to update the airport and in 1960 the airport had its first paved runway. On November 20, 1967, a $535,000 bond was approved by the Kirksville citizens for improvements to the airport with $80,000 to go into construction of the new terminal building. Construction on the new terminal and weather station began in 1971. The balance of the bond money was used to extend the runway to 6,000 feet [photo caption] This overhead view of the Clarence Cannon Memorial Airport was taken in 1961, when the facility was located at the east end of the current runway. (Photo courtesy of Chamber of Commerce) By Tony Frost and Corey Pritchard [photo caption] Every year several experimental and home-built aircraft stop in Kirksville on their way to a major airshow in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. This plane is dwarfed by an Ozark DC-3 (Photo courtesy of Johnny Greer) 27 (Page 28) long and 100 feet wide. On October 10, 1971, a ceremony was held in honor of the $960,000 worth of improvements to the airport and the new terminal building was dedicated to Clarence Cannon to honor his importance in the progress of the airport. The Kirksville airport does more than provide air transportation, Redwing Airways conducts a flight training school, and aerial photographers work out of the facility. Several airshows have been sponsored in which stunt flyers show their in-flight aerobatics. Along with the interesting antique and hand-made planes which come to the airport for these airshows, there are others which use the Kirksville facility every year as their stopover in route to the largest air show in the country sponsored by the Experimental Aircraft Association and held in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. From barnstorming on grass fields and WW II trainers on a paved airstrip to an airport equipped to handle commercial aviation, Kirksville's Municipal Airport has played a part in the history of the community and continues to perform a role in the growth and development of Kirksville and the surrounding areas. [photo caption] The Alexander Eaglerock, shown here in 1927, was used for charter flights, pilot instruction, and sight-seeing. (Photo courtesy of Johnny Greer) 28 (Back Cover)